Yolo County, California
History, Records, Facts and Genealogy

Court Records | Vital Records | CENSUS Records | TAX Records | Military Records | Church & Cemetery |
Maps & Atlases | Genealogy Addresses | Genealogy Related Sites |

Yolo County, called Yola County in the statutes of 1850 but soon after changed to Yolo County, is one of the 27 original counties created on February 18, 1850. Territory which at one time was in Yolo County is now in Colusa County and Lake County. The County has had two Boundary Changes:

  1. Almost all of Yolo County has been there since 1850.
  2. A tiny piece of territory was in Solano County from 1850 to 1857 when it was added to Yolo County.

The County name Yolo is an Indian name variously believed to be a corruption of an Indian tribal name Yo-loy meaning "a place abounding in rushes" or of the name of the Indian chief, Yodo, or of the Indian village of Yodoi. In the original act of 1850, the name was spelled "Yola." The County Seat is Woodland . See also County History for more historical details.

Counties adjacent to Yolo County are Sacramento County (east), Solano County (south), Napa County (west), Lake County (northwest), Colusa County (north), Sutter County (northeast).

Yolo County Cities Include Davis, West Sacramento, Winters • Woodland. CDPs (A census-designated place (CDP) is a type of place or area identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes) Include Esparto. Unincorporated Communities Include Brooks, Capay, Clarksburg, Dunnigan, El Macero, Fremont, Guinda, Knights Landing, Madison, Plainfield, Rumsey, Yolo, Zamora. Other Neighborhoods Include Broderick, Bryte

County Court Courthouse Records

See Also California Land Records, Marriage Records, Court & Probate Records

Researchers often overlook the importance of court records, probate records, and land records as a source of family history information.

PLEASE READ FIRST!!!! Please call the clerk's department to confirm hours, mailing address, fees and other specifics before visiting or requesting information because of sometimes changing contact information. All Departments below can be contacted by clicking the link. NOTE: The record dates below are from the earliest date to present time.

Yolo County Clerk-Recorder's Office has Birth Records from 1879, Marriage Records from 1895, Death Records from 1879 and , Land Records from 1850.

The County Recorder-Clerk is responsible for examination and recording of all documents presented for recording that deal with establishing ownership of land in the County or as required by statute; administers the real property transfer tax law and maintains a permanent record and indexes of all documents for public viewing plus providing certified copies requested by the public; recording of all lawful documents such as deeds, deeds of trust, judgments, liens, affidavits, Uniform Commercial Code Financial Statements, etc; and the filing of Births, Deaths, and Marriages.

Yolo County Clerk of Superior Court has Probate Records from 1879 and Court Records from 1879.

The county Superior Court clerk has probate books and files from the county's superior court, civil court records, and naturalizations. Divorces may be here or in the Recorders Office, depending on how it was filed.

 Some early court records from the various courts may have been sent to the California State Archives. Besides court minutes and judgements, these records include tax lists, wills, deeds, estate inventories, and marriage bonds. The California State Archives has microfilm of selected county records, 1850–1919.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Court Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Court Records by clicking the link below:

  • Order County Court, Civil or Criminal Records Online
  • Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
  • Yolo County, California Court Books at Amazon.com
  • California Voter Registrations, 1900-1968: This database contains indexes to voter registration lists from various counties in California from 1900-1968. Information listed in these records includes: name of voter, age, address, occupation, and political affiliation.
  • Naturalization Petitions for the Southern District Of California, 1887-1940icon (The National Archives): NARA M1524. Naturalization Petitions for the Southern District Of California, 1887-1949.
  • California Passenger and Crew Lists, 1893-1957: This database is an index to passenger and crew lists of ships and some airplanes arriving at Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Pedro, and Ventura in the U.S. state of California, between 1893 and 1957. Information contained in the index includes name of passenger, their age, gender, ethnicity, nationality or last country of permanent residence, arrival date, port of arrival, port of departure, and ship name. If a name of a friend or relative whom the passenger was going to join with, or place of nativity was provided, that information is included as well.
  • San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists Vol. I [1850-1864]: The volume offered here is a reprint of the first volume in a series dealing with passenger arrivals at the port of San Francisco between 1850 and 1875, though this first volume contains a selection of passenger lists extending only though 1864.
  • San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists Vol. II [1850-1851]: Volume II is based on completely different sources than the first volume in the series, which covered the years 1850-1864, and it encompasses an additional 16,500 passenger arrivals at San Francisco Bay during the 20-month period from April 1850 to November 1851.
  • San Francisco Ship Passenger Lists. Vol. III: November 7, 1851 to June 17, 1852: Volume III covers a seven-month period during which approximately 25,000 persons arrived at the port of San Francisco--nearly 50% more than the number of arrivals for the preceding 18-month period covered in Volume II. The year 1852 witnessed a surge in migration to California, and this volume reflects the initial thrust of that surge.
  • Court, Land, Wills & Financial - Court records are an often overlooked, yet very valuable tool for finding information to assist you in your research. Land records, such as deeds, allow you to tie an ancestor to a specific place at a point in time. Other court records like those dealing with finances and estates often list related family members or give interesting details like the total value of property owned by your ancestors to add interest to your family history.
  • Immigration & Emigration - As our ancestors moved from one country to another, details about their lives were recorded on passenger lists and government documents. Immigration and emigration records can help you learn where your ancestors originally came from, where they went, when they left, who they traveled with, and more.

County Vital Records

See Also Vital Records in California

Birth, marriage, and death records are connected with central life events. They are prime sources for genealogical information.

PLEASE READ FIRST!!!! A certified copy fee must accompany all requests for copies of vital records. Requests received without the appropriate fee will be returned to the sender. Make your check or money order payable to the Office of Vital Records. Checks must be drawn on a United States bank. Money orders must be drawn on a United States bank or issued by the United States Postal Service. Do not send cash. If no record is found, they will issue a Certificate of No Public Record and retain the fee for the search according to State law. Before submitting your application to the Office of Vital Records, please view the processing times to make sure they are acceptable for your needs. 

California Department of Public Health, Office of Vital Records, MS 5103, P.O. Box 997410, Sacramento, CA 95899-7410; (916) 445-2684. They have the following records:


  • Birth & Death Certificates: The state of California began issuing certificates for births and Deaths in July 1905. Birth and death records for current year events and one year prior are available from the county health department; records for all years are maintained by the county recorder. If not, you should submit your request to the County Recorder’s Office in the county where the birth or death took place or order the birth / death certificate online through VitalChek.
    • Cost: $14.00 per birth certificate & $12.00 per death certificate.
    • Processing Time: 12-14 weeks when ordered by mail (Application for Birth or Death Certificate) or 2-5 Days when you Order Online.
  • Marriage Certificates: The state of California began issuing certificates for marriages since July 1905, except for 1987 to 1995 (The state does not have indexes for the years 1987-1995 so you must request these from the county). Certified copies of public marriage records are available from both the California Office of Vital Records and the County Recorder’s Office in the county where the public marriage license was issued. However, the Office of Vital Records is limited in its ability to search the records, and it can take up to 2-3 years to obtain a certified copy from thier office. Therefore, we recommend that certified copies of public marriage records be requested directly from the County Recorder’s Office or online.
    • Cost: $13.00 per certificate.
    • Processing Time: 2-3 years when ordered by MAIL or 2-5 Days when you Order Online.
  • Divorce Certificates: Certified copies are not available from State Health Department. Certified copies of actual divorce decrees are only available from the Superior Court in the county where the divorce was filed. The Office of Vital Records issues a Certificate of Record that includes only the names of the parties to the divorce, the county where the divorce was filed, and the court case number – it is not a certified copy of the divorce decree and does not indicate whether the divorce was ever finalized in court. The Office of Vital Records only has information for divorces that were filed with the court between 1962 and June 1984, and our processing times can take up to 2-3 years or Online with VitalChek.
    • Cost: $12.00 per certificate. Fee is for search and identification of county where certified copy can be obtained.
    • Processing Time: 2-3 years when ordered by MAIL or 2-5 Days when you Order Online.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Vital Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Vital Records by clicking the link below:

  • VitalChek Express Certificate Service. - Some documents are just too important to wait six weeks for. With VitalChek Express Certificate Service you won’t have to. VitalChek is the fast and convenient way to order certified government-issued vital records online. They make it easy for you to purchase the documents to which you are legally entitled. Beware of other online services that do not have relationships directly with the agencies that store your vital records. VitalChek's order process usually takes less than 10 minutes --And you can select express courier service for even faster delivery when time is running out.
  • Click Here to Search the Social Security Death Index for FREEicon - Search over 82 million death records and get genealogical information crucial to your family research. New content added weekly! Most comprehensive SSDI site online!
  • Research Death records In The World's Largest Newspaper Archive at NewpaperArchive.com! - Find thousands of historical California newspaper articles about deaths. Search for local articles about an old family friend that died many years ago or a celebrity that committed suicide. Historical newspapers contain a wealth of information about the deceased.
  • California Birth Index, 1905-1995: This database is an index to over 24.5 million births occurring in California between 1905 and 1995.
  • California Death Index, 1940-1997: his database is an index to the death records in State of California, USA, from 1940 through 1997. The database provides such valuable information as first, last and middle names of the descendants, birth dates, mother's maiden name, father's last name, sex, birth place, death place, residence at time of death, death date, social security number (when available), and the age of the individual when they died.
  • California Divorce Index, 1966-1984: This database is an index to over 3.5 million divorces that were filed in California (U.S.A.) from 1966-1984. Information that may be found in this database includes spouses' names, divorce date, and divorce county or city.
  • California Marriage Index, 1960-1985: This database contains a statewide index to over 4.8 million marriages that were performed in California between 1960 and 1985. Information that may be found in this database includes the bride's and groom's names, their ages, the marriage county, and the marriage date.
  • California Marriages, 1850-1877: This database contains information on individuals who were married in select areas of California between 1850 and 1960. Note that not all counties are included in this index and within the counties that are included not all years within the date range...
  • California Death Index 1940-1997
  • Yolo County, California Birth, Marriage & Death Books at Amazon.com
  • Birth, Marriage & Death - Vital records (births, deaths, marriages, and divorces) mark the milestones of our lives and are the foundation of family history research. Vital records, usually kept by a civic authority, can give you a more complete picture of your ancestor, help you distinguish between two people with the same name, and help you find links to a new generation.

County Census Records

See Also Research In Census Records & Statewide Records that exist for California

Few, if any, records reveal as many details about individuals and families as do government census records. Substitute records can be used when the official census is unavailable

  Countywide Records: Federal Population Schedules that exist for Yolo County, California are 1850 ,1860 ,1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930.Other Federal Schedules to look at when researching your Family Tree in Yolo County, California are Industry and Agriculture Schedules available for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. There are free downloadable and printable Census forms to help with your research. These include U.S. Census Extraction Forms and U.K. Census Extraction Forms.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Census Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Census Records by clicking the link below:

  • Census Online - California Census Records
  • California Census, 1790-1890: This collection contains the following indexes: 1790 Census Substitute; 1850 Federal Census Index; 1860 Federal Census Index; 1870 Federal Census Index (excluding San Francisco County); 1870 San Francisco County Census Index; 1834 Census Index of Santa Barbara; 1890 Veterans Schedule; 1890 Naval Veterans Schedule.
  • Yolo County, California Census Books at Amazon.com
  • Census & Voter Lists - A census is an official list of the people in a particular area at a given time, while voter lists show those who were registered to vote in a certain area. The valuable information found on census records helps you to understand your family in their time and place. Voter Lists serve as a confirmation of residence in between the years that the census was taken.

County Maps & Atlases

See Also Research In State Map Collections

California Antique Maps & Atlases has images of old American atlases during the years 1795, 1814, 1822, 1823, 1836, 1838, 1845, 1856, 1866, 1879 and 1897 for California and other states.

You can view rotating animated maps for California showing all the county boundaries for each census year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states at Census Maps

You can view rotating animated maps for California showing all the county boundary changes for each year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in county boundaries . You can view a list of maps for other states and State Department of Transportation Maps at County Maps.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Maps. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Maps by clicking the link below:

County Military Records

See Also Military Records in California

Military and civil service records provide unique facts and insights into the lives of men and women who have served their country at home and abroad.

The uses and value of military records in genealogical research for ancestors who were veterans are obvious, but military records can also be important to re-searchers whose direct ancestors were not soldiers in any war. The fathers, grandfathers, brothers, and other close relatives of an ancestor may have served in a war, and their service or pension records could contain information that will assist in further identifying the family of primary interest. Due to the amount of genealogical information contained in some military pension files, they should never be overlooked during the research process. Those records not containing specific genealogical information are of historic value and should be included in any overall research design.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Military Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Military Records by clicking the link below:

County Tax Records

See Also Research In Tax Records

The U.S. Internal Revenue Service Assessment List for California, 1862–66, is available on thirty-three microfilm rolls at the California State Library in Sacramento. The lists include names, location and description of business, and tax rate for individuals taxed.

Similar to tax records in their yearly listing of residents are the “Great Register” of California, which are miscellaneous county voting registers that exist from the mid-nineteenth century. The registers were compiled and printed about every two years. Before 1900, they show name, address, and age (but the age may remain the same after a man's first entry). From about the mid-1800s, physical descriptions are included, but after the 1898 register, only the name, address, party affiliation, and sometimes occupation are listed.

Before 1892, the lists are county-wide, but usually alphabetical only by first letter or surname. They are particularly valuable for foreign-born voters, as the date and court of naturalization are listed. Copies of the "Great Registers," (1866–1944) are at the California State Library, which also has alphabetical card file abstracts for some of the earlier registers for San Francisco. Records from 1946 are with the individual county registrars of voters.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Tax Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Tax Records by clicking the link below:

County Genealogical Addresses

See Also Other California Genealogical Addresses

The Repositories in this section are Archives, Libraries, Museums, Genealogical and Historical Societies. Many County Historical and Genealogical Societies publish magazines and/or news letters on a monthly, quarterly, bi-annual or annual basis. Contacting the local societies should not be over looked. State Archives and Societies are usually much larger and better organized with much larger archived materials than their smaller county cousins but they can be more generalized and over look the smaller details that local societies tend to have. Libraries can also be a good place to look for local information. Some libraries have a genealogy section and may have some resources that are not located at archives or societies. Also, take a special look at any museums in the area. They sometimes have photos and items from years gone by as well as information of a genealogical interest. All these places are vitally important to the family genealogist and must not be passed over.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Genealogical Addresses. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Genealogical Addresses by clicking the link below:

  • Davis Historical Society
  • West Sacramento Historical Society, 324 Third Street, W. Sacramento, CA 95605
    P.O.Box 1202, W. Sacramento, CA 95691; Phone: (916) 374-1849
  • Yolo County Historical Society
  • California Genealogical Society, 2201 Broadway, Suite LL2, Oakland, CA 94612-3031; 510-663-1358 fax: 510-663-1596
  • The California Historical Society, 678 Mission Street, San Francisco, California 94105; 415-357-1848 — voice; 415-357-1850 — fax; info@calhist.org — e-mail
  • California State Genealogical Alliance, 19765 Grand Avenue, Lake Elsinore, CA 92330
    One way to access many local and county genealogical and historical societies is through the Alliance, which publishes its own newsletter.
  • California State Archives, Office of Secretary of State, 1020 O Street, Room 130, Sacramento, CA 95814; Reference Desk: (916) 653-2246; General Information: (916) 653-7715; FAX: (916) 653-7363; E-Mail:ArchivesWeb@sos.ca.gov
  • California State Library, 914 Capitol Mall, Sacramento, CA 95814
  • The National Archives-Pacific Region
  • California Genealogical Society Books at Amazon.com
  • Newspapers & Periodicals - The Newspapers & Periodicals Collection lets you discover a wealth of information about your ancestors from many historical newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals. These types of sources can often supplement public records and provide information that is not recorded anywhere else. Here, you can learn more about your ancestor's possible daily activities by placing them in the context of their time.
  • Directories & Member Lists - Directories and member lists are typically compilations of information about people who belonged to various associations and groups or lived within city boundaries. They can be thought of as the predecessors to the modern-day phone book and usually list names, addresses, and sometimes the occupations of your ancestors.

County Church & Cemeteries

See Also Church & Cemetery Records in California

Obituaries can vary in the amount of information they contain, but many of them are genealogical goldmines, including information such as names, dates, places of birth and death, marriage information, and family relationships.

There are many churches and cemeteries in Yolo County. Some transcriptions are online. A great site is the Yolo County Tombstone Transcription Project.

There are no centralized repositories dealing with church records in California. Scattered records can be found in genealogical publications, the DAR compilations, and on microfilm. The Spanish missions have played a central role in California's religious history.

   Printed secondary sources of transcribed cemeteries exist for most California counties. The California State Society of the DAR has collected hundreds of such records. Transcripts are housed both at the national DAR and with some local chapters and libraries.

Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Cemetery & Church Records. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Cemetery & Church Records by clicking the link below:

Family Trees & Genealogy Tidbits

 

The use of published genealogies, electronic files containing genealogical lineage, and other compiled sources can be of tremendous value to a researcher.

When view family trees online or not, be sure to only take the info at face value and always follow up with your own sources or verify the ones they provide. Below is a list of online resources for Yolo County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information. Email us with websites containing Yolo County Family Trees, web forums and other family type information by clicking the link below:

Extended History

 


Image of historic Yolo County courthouse - click to enlarge
Yolo County Courthouse
Completed 1864

Weakened by earthquakes and characterized by "improper ventilation and foul odors," Yolo's first courthouse was condemned in 1911 as "unsanitary and unfit for the transactions of the court." It was replaced in 1917 by an expanded, classically inspired courthouse that is still in use. The building was restored in the 1980s and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986

A Memorial and Biographical History of Northern California - Chicago, Lewis Publ. Co., 1891

YOLO COUNTY.

Yolo is a corruption of the Indian word "Yoloy," signifying a place abounding in rushes, with which the Indians composed the term " Toloytoy," or Tuletown, which was situated in early days on the western shore of the Sacramento River.

The history of this county extends well back to the earlier years of this century, it being on the direct highway from north to south, and hence visited by almost all the older hunting and exploring expeditions, many of which have doubtless been forgotten. In 1820 Argüello led a party through the county on an exploring expedition on behalf of the missions, and in 1825 the famous old trapper, Jedediah S. Smith, spent much time hunting and trapping within the confines of the county. In 1832 Ewing Young's band of trappers are recorded to have camped on Cache Creek at the mouth of Capay Valley. In the spring of 1841 a party of twenty-five persons in all came to California, including in their number William Gordon, William Knight and others. In that same year Gordon obtained a grant of two leagues of land on Cache Creek, and in the following year (1842) moved upon it, thus becoming the first actual settler in Yolo County. Gordon relates that when he came to the country he found two or three half-breed Indians at Grand Island, the descendants of a Scotch sailor who thirty years previously had deserted his ship, made his way to the Indians and became one of them. This story is thought to be corroborated by the discovery in 1851 of a stone on Feather River bearing this enigmatical inscription "1818—Gold Cave, in this M. ship—Lodes L. M." This stone is now in Pioneer hall,. San Francisco. Gordon was a genuine character, and a mighty hunter and retailer of hunting stories. He was extremely hot-tempered and obstinate. For many years he was a Justice of the Peace. He was a native of Ohio, born in 1800, and had led a very wandering life.

In 1842 J. R. Wolfskill obtained a grant on Putah Creek, going upon it in 1843. This latter year William Knight also settled on his grant where Knight's landing is on the Sacramento. Knight was a physician, a native of Baltimore. He built himself a house of poles and tules on the Yodoy (or Indian) mound. He died in 1849 and his heirs lost the grant because the title papers could never be found. In 1843 Nathan Coombs and others came down from Oregon. Coombs stayed with Gordon, and in the following year was married to his daughter Elizabeth. General Sutter was the nearest magistrate, and Coombs and his bride rode horseback the fifty-four miles to the fort and back the same day to have the ceremony performed. In 1844 George Schwartz obtained a grant of three leagues on the Sacramento, where Boruck or Washington now is. In this year several parties came down from Oregon or across the Sierras, among them the Kelseys, so well-known in connection with Lake County history, and Joseph Buzzell, whose chiefest cause of fame is that during high water in 1847 he went by canoe across the country from Sutter's Fort to Gordon's door.

The year 1845 was signalized by the fact that Gordon raised seven acres of wheat, the first grain grown in the county. In this year Thomas, M. Hardy got a grant of six leagues running from Cordons to the Sacramento. He was an Englishman, very unfriendly to the Americans. His house of tules was erected where afterward the town of Fremont flashed up like a rocket and sank again as quickly. Hardy died mysteriously in 1849 while crossing the Sacramento in a boat. The three Berryessas, Santiago, Nemicio and Francisco, went on their grant of the Capay Valley in May of this year (1845). James McDowell, a half-witted fellow in some ways, but a clever lock and gun smith, built a log-house at. Washington, where he lived with his, wife. He obtained some local note for his gun-making. In January, 1846, was born William Coombs, son of Nathan and Elizabeth, the first white child born in Yolo County. In this year W. L. Todd, W. W. Roulette and wife, G. J. Scott and his brother W. W. Scott, passed the season hunting in Capay Valley, and built the first house in that valley. S. U. Chase, a prominent man of the early days, who had come out in 1845, also hunted with them. The man who built this house for the party was one Francis or " Paddy" Clark, a thorough character, who had come down from Oregon with Coombs. He squatted on the Berryessas' land, but being dispossessed in 1852 he went to Bodega and for a time housed with a friend. One morning he took his gun and disappeared, never being heard of afterward—a silent, solitary man. The only event of note in 1847 seems to have been the birth, February 21, of a daughter to McDowell at Washington, the first white female child born in the limits of the county.

This brings us to the discovery of gold and a new order of things. Newcomers became so plentiful that we cannot mention them all. Jonas Spect, the noted discoverer of the northern mines, conceived the idea of making his fortune by establishing a town at the head of navigation on the Sacramento as a point of supply for the new mines. Going down the river he noticed the existence of a heavy bar at the mouth of the Feather River, and in the high lands on the opposite side of the Sacramento, he imagined he had found what he sought. March 22, 1849, he pitched his tent on the shore and named the spot Fremont in honor of the Pathfinder. In his tent he started a store and the place flourished at once. In July the town site was surveyed by W. J. Frierson and others; tents and wooden buildings sprung up as if by magic. In August Spect built a school-house, and Miss Matilda McCord, of Bloomington, Illinois, was installed as teacher, the first one in the county. Rev. John Braly, a Cumberland Presbyterian preacher who came down from Oregon, began to hold services, and shortly afterward came Rev. Isaac Owen, a well known early Methodist. To give an idea of the importance of the place at this time, we may state that at the Territorial election held November 13th, Fremont cast 102 votes, while the whole of the rest of the county cast but ninety-two. C. F. Reed kept the hotel.

As illustrating forcibly the rude times, we may relate one incident. In October a company of soldiers were sent up from Benicia in guard of a supply train. Passing through Fremont, one of the soldiers drank too much and became noisy at the tent of a sick man. Being warned to desist, he would not and was thereupon promptly shot by A. R. Lovell, a Sydney man, a saloon-keeper and a character of the day. A crowd quickly assembled, but the proceedings were brought to a hasty close by these words from Lovell: "My friends, this is a very solemn occasion: let's all go in and take a drink!"

The floods of 1849 washed away the bar at the Feather River and with it the hopes of Fremont. It struggled on for a little time, but soon died out completely.

At this time Yolo was included in Sonoma district, and at Fremont Judge W. R. Turner held the first court of the county. Yolo County was set off in the early part of 1850, according to act of February 18, that year, and the first county election held in April. The county officers elected were: Judge, G. A. Margrave; county clerk, B. Frank Brown; treasurer, G. M. Keene, but he resigned and was succeeded by H. H. Hartley; sheriff, E. A. Harris, and assessor, H. Griffith. Washington, opposite Sacramento, was the first county seat and continued such for several years. Then the county seat was removed to Cacheville, which had formerly been called Hutton's Ranch, the post-office being called Yolo. In 1862 Yolo City, which lay a few miles distant, was made the county town and its name changed to Woodland, where it has since remained, Woodland becoming since one of the fairest and most thriving cities of Northern California.

In the Legislature of 1850 first organizing the counties, the committee recommended Fremont for the name of this county.

One of the earliest settlers here was James M. Allen, sheriff of Yolo County in 1850, who was a son of David Allen and emigrated from Missouri about 1846, and lived in Santa Clara County until 1848 with his brothers and sisters; then he was a gold-miner for a time and visited Oregon; next he was a trader in live stock; in 1849 he founded the town of Fremont; from 1853 he was in Contra Costa County; from 1861 at San Francisco and interested in Nevada mines; 1865–'68 he was adjutant-general of California militia; subsequently in real-estate business at Livermore, where he was recently still living. His wife was Sidesia Mendenhall, and his children Eugene and Debra (Mrs. Biddle).

The Mexican land grants in Yolo County were: Cañada de Capay, 40,078 acres, confirmed to Jasper O'Farrell and others in 1865; Quessesosi, 8,894 acres to William Gordon in 1860; Rio Jesus Maria, 26,637 acres to J. M. Harbin and others in 1858, in Yolo and Solano counties; Rio de los Puto, 17,755 acres to William Wolfskill in 1858.

As with most other parts of the Sacramento Valley, Yolo County has known three distinct periods. In the first nothing was dreamed of but cattle and stock-growing. In the second, every energy was devoted to the raising of grain. The last is the era of fruits, grapes, etc. Yolo County now is noted for its fine fruits, raisins, etc., but even yet the growth of wheat and other cereals continues to be her leading industry, some of her citizens, such for instance as Dr. Merritt, being among the great wheat-growers of the State. It is doubtful whether there be another county in California with greater natural resources of soil and situation. Except for a strip a few miles wide along the western border adjoining the foothills, the entire county presents the appearance of an almost level plain. This plain is the rich alluvium of the Sacramento Valley, of a fabulous fertility. Considerable tracts along the river front and lower parts are tule lands that every winter are covered with a few feet of water. Across one strip of this, on the road to Sacramento, one J. B. Lewis in '49 and 50' had a ferry three miles long. A rope was stretched across this distance, and, wind permitting, he sailed his craft along the rope. Since then large sections of this land have been dyked and reclaimed, and operations are now in progress which will reclaim many thousand acres more of this soil. Once secured from water there is no such wheat land in the world. It recalls the stories of Egyptian fertility or of the Egypt of Illinois and its corn lands along the Mississippi. But yet it is rather the orchards and vineyards that are so characteristic a scene around the principal centres, as at Woodland, at Knight's Landing, near Winters, in the Capay Valley, etc., that give tone and value to the lands of the county. Of late years especially, rapid advances have been made in the way of the subdivision of the Spanish grants and large estates, and the setting out of the smaller farms to fruit.

A portion of the county that promises very brightly is the Capay Valley, the position and advantages of which are analogous to that of the Vaca Valley to its south. Lack of accessibility has kept it back in the march of progress, but a few years ago the Southern Pacific built a branch line from Winters to Madison, which lies at its mouth, and thence to Ramsey's at the head of the valley, the probability being that eventually the line will be extended to Lake County, up Cache Creek, which flows through the valley. The railroad company has purchased and opened to settlement at low prices the larger part of the land in the valley, and it is being rapidly taken hold of. The industrial history of Capay Valley really begins with the advent of the railroad in 1887, although it was always regarded as one of the most picturesque and charming parts of the State.

Yolo County is well-served with railroads. In 1868–'69 the California Central, now a part of the Southern Pacific system, was built from Davisville to Washington, over the low lands, across the eastern end of the county, from the same point to Woodland and thence to Knight's Landing and, crossing the Sacramento and the tules, to Marysville. The high water of 1871­'72 washed away both the section between Davisville and Washington, and that between Knight's Landing and Marysville. The former was rebuilt at once in a more substantial manner, and is now a portion of the main line of the Central Pacific, while the latter is being rebuilt now (1890) and will form an important link in the railway system of the valley. This Marysville road was originally part of a comprehensive system of trans-continental roads that came to naught. The line from Woodland northward through Colusa County to Tehama was completed during the seventies and has been of great benefit to Woodland and the county. A branch line was extended from Vacaville to Winters in 1876, to Madison in 1877, and thence up the Capay Valley in 1887, a cut-off being now projected from Madison to Woodland, thus making Woodland the real practical center of the county.

WOODLAND

is one of the most handsome and progressive cities in California. Its history begins in 1855 when James McClure & Son established a blacksmith shop where the future city was to be. Later in the same year Henry Wyckoff built a store there. In the fall of 1857 Wyckoff was bought out by F. S. Freeman, who has ever since resided there and been one of Woodland's most energetic citizens. In 1858 a postoffice was established, with Mr. Freeman as postmaster, the name being Yolo City. We ought to mention, however, that prior to achieving the dignity of a name, a whisky shop or saloon was opened there in 1857, by one By. Hall. He was run out, very shortly afterward, the sober, better, moral element having always been strong at this point. In the same year was also built a two-story school building, in the upper story of which was established a division of the Sons of Temperance,---auspicious sign,—and a Masonic lodge. In 1862 Yolo City was made the county-seat and the name was changed to Woodland. The erection of county buildings was immediately begun and a handsome court-house and hospital was put up, at a cost of some $40,000.

In 1889 a fine new hall of records built at an expense of $30,000, has been added, of most attractive architecture. Woodland has grown rapidly from the first, the coming of the railway in 1868 giving it an especial impetus. It is the home of wealthy men, having a larger number of millionaires in proportion to population, so it is said, than any other place in California. It is noteworthy too that all this wealth has been made within the county, none of it being imported or hereditary. Woodland has an unusually large proportion of beautiful homes, set generally in ample grounds and luxuriantly surrounded by trees and flowers. Indeed the buildings generally, both public and private are of a substantial and stately character. Its system of public schools is excellent and it has also a number of private schools.

The Hesperian College, under the auspices of the Disciples or Christian denomination, bears a high reputation for efficiency. The Woodland Commercial College and St. Mary's Academy, the latter Roman Catholic, are successful institutions. All these have been in existence for about ten years.

In Woodland there is a large flouring-mill, woolen-mills, an ice factory, a pork-packing establishment, a carriage factory and the large Yolo Winery, the property of the Yolo Wine and Brandy Association. She possesses also Blowers' Raisin Curing establishment. Yolo County is the scene of the first raisin-making in California, and R. B. Blowers is the pioneer. The city, has an excellent system of water-works, is lighted by electricity, and at the depot are enormous grain warehouses for shipping purposes.

The Bank of Woodland was organized on November 9, 1868, with a capital of $100,000. The original stockholders were: John D. Stephens, H. F. Hastings, George Snodgrass, John Hollingsworth, F. S. Freeman, Camillus Nelson, D. Q. Adams, G. D. Stephens, Frank Miller, B. F. Hastings, O. Livermore, Jeff Wilcoxon, H. C. Hemenway, U. Shellhammer, L. D. Stephens, Charles Coil and Charles G. Day. This list of seventeen stockholders has been increased until it now numbers seventy-five, among whom are the must substantial citizens of the county.

The bank was opened for business in the building now occupied by Wells, Fargo & Co's. Express Office on February 22, 1889. The officers of the bank were: J. D. Stephens, President; F. S. Freeman, Vice-President; C. W. Bush, Cashier. Directors, F. S. Freeman, Frank Miller, J. D. Stephens, John Hollingsworth, C. Nelson, Jeff Wilcoxon, L. D. Stephens, B. F. Hastings and C. W. Bonynge. Five of these gentleman have held their office continuously since that time, the present directorship being J. D. Stephens, F. S. Freeman, John Hollingsworth, C. Nelson, H. Fredericks, J. H. Harlan, L. D. Stephens.

In 1873 the directors bought and remodeled the building on the corner of First and Main streets, which is now occupied by the bank. The growth of business was steady from the inception. In the first monthly statement it is recorded that the paid-up capital of the bank was $35,500. This modest beginning has grown to amazing magnitude. Year after year the bank has increased its paid-up capital till now it stands on the pre-eminence of having the largest paid-up capital of any institution of like character on the Pacific coast, outside the great metropolis of San Francisco, it having reached, with surplus, over $1,000,000. The present officers of the bank were elected at the annual meeting of 1883 and are: J. D. Stephens, President; F. S. Freeman, Vice-President; C. F. Thomas, Cashier,—who have held office continuously since that time with the approval of directors and patrons. The directors have been men of prudence and sagacity, and have always held the welfare and prosperity of Yolo County as sacred, and by their good management have been able to return to the stockholders splendid dividends. Their treatment of patrons has made the name of the Bank of Woodland synonymous with honesty and fair dealing, and the bank has become the pride of the county.

The business of this institution indicates the solid prosperity of Yolo County. Almost every dollar of its capital is used at home—its interest is the interest of Yolo County, and it is always in the front rank of enterprise.

VILLAGES.

Winters, the second town in importance of the county, is of comparatively recent date. It was laid out in 1875 by the Vaca Valley & Clear Lake Railroad, and is on the line of Yolo and Solano counties. Its conditions are very similar to those of Vaca Valley, which it almost adjoins, being the outlet of Pleasant Valley, in the early ripening and marketing of its fruits and vegetables. Its early fruits are its pride in fact. It is a good business point with large shipping trade, and has ample school and church facilities, etc. It has a large fruit-drying establishment.

Davisville is an offspring of the railroad. It lies on the borders of Yolo and Solano counties, and is the point of junction of the Northern Railway with the main line of the Central Pacific. It is surrounded by a country of orchards and vineyards, and ships to the cities immense quantities of dairy products and especially of eggs and poultry, for which it is famous. Some large raisin-drying establishments are located here. It is well supplied with schools, churches, etc.

Washington, whose postoffice name is now Boruck, lies on the banks of the Sacramento river, opposite the capital city, by which it is overshadowed. It has considerable shipping importance, but is not progressive. It is almost wholly surrounded by tule lands, but the vicinity possesses many fine orchards, etc.

Knights Landing is the oldest town in the county, the first house being built in 1849, and the town being laid out in 1850 and surveyed in 1853, the postoffice name being at first Grafton. It is a place of some importance as a shipping point on the Sacramento river, and the peaches grown about it are famous. Now that the Marysville Railway is again completed it will probably improve. It will gain much by the reclamation of the overflowed lands near by, now progressing. It has a fine fruit country about it.

Yolo, the old Cacheville, once the county seat, is a depot on the Northern, a few miles north of Woodland. The large Yolo Flouring Mills of S. U. Wering, are situated here, and a great deal of grain, etc., is shipped. Blacks and Dunnigan are stations on the railroad, with large warehouses, attesting importance as shipping points.

Madison lies at the entrance to Capay Valley and is a place of rising importance, possessing an ice factory, a large pork-packing establishment, and is altogether a thriving and progressive place, with large wheat and fruit shipments. In the Capay Valley are several towns which will soon be important, from the large development in the way of fruit-growing about Near Madison is the great Orleans winery and vineyards, the property of the Haraszthys of San Francisco.

Yolo County is well represented in the field of newspaper enterprise. In Woodland are the Democrat and Mail, both alert and active purveyors of news and effective aids to the dissemination of reliable information about the great county of Yolo. The Democrat is the oldest paper of the county, its predecessor being established as long ago as 1857, at Cacheville, when county-seat. Dying two years later, it was revived in 1861 at Knight's Landing, as the News. In 1864 the News was removed to Woodland, succumbing again in 1867, but seeing an almost immediate resurrection as the Yolo Democrat, at which it stands firm. The Yolo Mail was established in 1868, and has known constant prosperity, being an ably handled sheet. At Winters is the Express, a lively weekly, and at Davisville is the Signal, which worthily represents its town, founded in 1884 and 1887 respectively.

The Assemblymen from Yolo County have been: L. B. Adams, 1887; F. E. Baker, 1881; Edward Bynum, 1856; A. B. Caldwell, 1853; George W. Crane, 1851; C. B. Culver, 1885; J. S. Curtis, 1857; W. M. DeWitt, 1877–'78; F. S. Freeman, 1871–'74; Humphrey Griffith, 1854; Harrison Gwinn, 1859–'60; J. B. Hartsough, 1863–'64; David N. Hershey, 1880–'83; I. N. Hoag, 1862; John M. Kelly, 1867–'70; William Minis, 1858; H. P. Osgood, 1851; John G. Parrish , 1852; Edmund Patten, 1863; Charles F. Reed, 1865–'66; J. H. Updegraff, 1855; Jason Watkins, 1875–'76; W. C. Wood, 1861.

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